Humboldt Extension quick reference guide

This document is intended to be an easy-to-read reference to the currently recommended terms that extend the Darwin Core standard with vocabulary to describe biological inventories. This document is not part of the standard. It draws on the term names and definitions from the normative part of the standard and combines them with comments and examples that are not normative, but that are meant to help people to use the terms consistently. The category to which all of the terms in this extension correspond is the Darwin Core Event (dwc:Event) class. Comprehensive metadata for current and obsolete terms in human readable form are found in a list of terms document. CSV files with the full history of the terms, with horizontal and vertical lists of these terms and the schema for the Darwin Core Archive extension can be found in the Humboldt Extension repository.

Site

siteCount siteNestingDescription verbatimSiteDescriptions verbatimSiteNames geospatialScopeAreaValue geospatialScopeAreaUnit totalAreaSampledValue totalAreaSampledUnit reportedWeather reportedExtremeConditions

siteCount Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/siteCount
Definition	Total number of individual sites surveyed during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Site refers to the location at which observations are made or samples/measurements are taken. The site can be at any level of hierarchy.
Examples	`1` `15`

siteNestingDescription Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/siteNestingDescription
Definition	Textual description of the hierarchical sampling design.
Comments	Site refers to the location at which observations are made or samples/measurements are taken. The site can be at any level of hierarchy.
Examples	`5 sampling sites of 3-5 plots each`

verbatimSiteDescriptions Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/verbatimSiteDescriptions
Definition	Original textual description of the site(s).
Comments	Site refers to the location at which observations are made or samples/measurements are taken. The site can be at any level of hierarchy. Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ).
Examples	`Wet flatwoods \| Wet depression surrounded by mesic longleaf pine flatwoods \| Ground cover of thick Andropogon spp., Sporobolus floridanus, Vaccinium spp, Rhynchospora spp., Centella erecta, Panicum rigidulum.`

verbatimSiteNames Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/verbatimSiteNames
Definition	A list (concatenated and separated) of original site names.
Comments	Site refers to the location at which observations are made or samples/measurements are taken. The site can be at any level of hierarchy. Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ).
Examples	`East Coastal Fringe \| St. Marks Wildlife Management Area` `S1 \| S2 \| C1 \| C2 \| R14 \| R22 \| W1`

geospatialScopeAreaValue Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/geospatialScopeAreaValue
Definition	The numeric value for the total area of the geospatial scope of the dwc:Event.
Comments	Geospatial scope refers to the dwc:Event location reported using the terms organized in Darwin Core under dcterms:Location. This area is always greater than or equal to the eco:totalAreaSampledValue. An eco:geospatialScopeAreaValue must have a corresponding eco:geospatialScopeAreaUnit.
Examples	`25`

geospatialScopeAreaUnit Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/geospatialScopeAreaUnit
Definition	The units associated with eco:geospatialScopeAreaValue
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. For units containing exponents, use characters from the Unicode Latin-1 Supplement character set (hex 00B2 for squared and 00B3 for cubed). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`km²`

totalAreaSampledValue Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/totalAreaSampledValue
Definition	The numeric value for the total area surveyed during the dwc:Event.
Comments	This area is always less than or equal to the eco:geospatialScopeAreaValue. An eco:totalAreaSampledValue must have a corresponding eco:totalAreaSampledUnit.
Examples	`0.8`

totalAreaSampledUnit Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/totalAreaSampledUnit
Definition	The units associated with eco:totalAreaSampledValue
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. For units containing exponents, use characters from the Unicode Latin-1 Supplement character set (hex 00B2 for squared and 00B3 for cubed). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`km²`

reportedWeather Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/reportedWeather
Definition	A list of weather or climatic conditions present during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use a key:value encoding schema for a data interchange format such as JSON.
Examples	`{"minimumTemperatureInDegreesFahrenheit": 18, "maximumTemperatureInDegreesFahrenheit": 32}`

reportedExtremeConditions Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/reportedExtremeConditions
Definition	A description of any extreme weather or environmental conditions that may have affected the dwc:Event.
Comments
Examples	`flooding during week 3 of surveys` `rockslide at site 2`

Habitat Scope

targetHabitatScope excludedHabitatScope

targetHabitatScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/targetHabitatScope
Definition	The habitats targeted for sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary and separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`dunes` `pineForest` `riparian` `scrub \| grassland`

excludedHabitatScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/excludedHabitatScope
Definition	The habitats explicitly excluded from sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary and separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`wetFlatwoods` `swamp \| estuary`

Temporal Scope

eventDurationValue eventDurationUnit

eventDurationValue Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/eventDurationValue
Definition	The numeric value for the duration of the dwc:Event.
Comments	An eco:eventDurationValue must have a corresponding eco:eventDurationUnit.
Examples	`1` `30`

eventDurationUnit Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/eventDurationUnit
Definition	The units associated with the eco:eventDurationValue.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`minutes` `hours` `days` `months` `years`

Taxonomic Scope

targetTaxonomicScope excludedTaxonomicScope taxonCompletenessReported taxonCompletenessProtocols isTaxonomicScopeFullyReported isAbsenceReported absentTaxa hasNonTargetTaxa nonTargetTaxa areNonTargetTaxaFullyReported

targetTaxonomicScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/targetTaxonomicScope
Definition	The taxonomic group(s) targeted for sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	The dwc:Event to which the eco:targetTaxonomicScope refers could be at any level of hierarchy. In the case of a higher level (parent) dwc:Event, include all taxonomic groups surveyed in the child dwc:Events that contributed to the parent dwc:Event. Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ).
Examples	`Aves` `Aves \| Mammalia` `Procellariformes`

excludedTaxonomicScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/excludedTaxonomicScope
Definition	The taxonomic group(s) explicitly excluded from sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	The dwc:Event to which the eco:excludedTaxonomicScope refers could be at any level of hierarchy. In the case of a higher level (parent) dwc:Event, include all the taxonomic groups explicitly excluded from the child dwc:Events that contributed to the parent dwc:Event. Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`Aves` `Quercus \| Acer`

taxonCompletenessReported Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/taxonCompletenessReported
Definition	Statement about whether the taxonomic completeness of the dwc:Event was assessed.
Comments	This term is meant to alert users that the inventory was conducted in such a way that all of the target taxa (the combination of eco:targetTaxonomicScope and eco:excludedTaxonomicScope) should have been detectable if they were present during the dwc:Event. This term can provide data users with a qualitative measure of how comprehensively an area has been surveyed, which assists in interpreting species populations, areas of occupancy, inferring species absences, etc. This term is only relevant if the dwc:Event used restricted search or open search methods. If taxonomic completeness was assessed, the methods used or an explanation of the basis of the completeness should be stated in eco:taxonCompletenessProtocols. Recommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/tcr/. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`notReported` `reportedComplete` `reportedIncomplete`

taxonCompletenessProtocols Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/taxonCompletenessProtocols
Definition	A description of or reference (publication, URL) to the methods used to determine eco:taxonCompletenessReported.
Comments	This term allows users to determine how comprehensively an area has been sampled. Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`census \| based on sampling effort` `based on species accumulation curves`

isTaxonomicScopeFullyReported Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/isTaxonomicScopeFullyReported
Definition	Every dwc:Organism that was included within the taxonomic scope, and was detected during the dwc:Event, was reported.
Comments	This term is only relevant if the dwc:Event used restricted search or open search methods. If all dwc:Organisms included within the taxonomic scope and detected during the dwc:Event were reported, the value should be 'true'. Taxonomic scope is based on the combination of eco:targetTaxonomicScope and eco:excludedTaxonomicScope.
Examples	`true` `false`

isAbsenceReported Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/isAbsenceReported
Definition	Taxonomic absences were reported.
Comments	Absences can be reported at any taxonomic level.
Examples	`true` `false`

absentTaxa Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/absentTaxa
Definition	A list (concatenated and separated) of taxa reported absent during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Absences can be reported at any taxonomic level. Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`Parabuteo unicinctus \| Geranoaetus melanoleucus` `Cetoniinae \| Aclopinae \| Cyclocephala modesta`

hasNonTargetTaxa Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/hasNonTargetTaxa
Definition	One or more dwc:Organisms of taxa outside the target taxonomic scope (the combination of eco:targetTaxonomicScope and eco:excludedTaxonomicScope) were detected and reported for this dwc:Event.
Comments	This term is meant to alert users to the presence of non-target taxa (in some disciplines called “bycatch”) reported in this dwc:Event. This term is relevant only if a target taxonomic scope is declared. Taxonomic scope is based on the combination of eco:targetTaxonomicScope and eco:excludedTaxonomicScope. Examination of the taxonomic scope is needed in order to identify the non-target taxa. It should be possible to confirm the expectations by investigating the dwc:Occurrences in this dwc:Event and in its child dwc:Events (if available) or by exploring eco:nonTargetTaxa for this dwc:Event (if populated). The value of this term should be 'true' if dwc:Occurrences of taxa outside the taxonomic scope as defined at the time of the dwc:Event are reported, otherwise the value of this term should be 'false'.
Examples	`true` `false`

nonTargetTaxa Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/nonTargetTaxa
Definition	A list (concatenated and separated) of taxa reported during the dwc:Event that are outside of the target taxonomic scope (the combination of eco:targetTaxonomicScope and eco:excludedTaxonomicScope).
Comments	This term is meant to allow the full list of taxa that are considered outside of the taxonomic scope and yet were reported in the dataset to be shared. This term is relevant only if a target taxonomic scope is declared and eco:hasNonTargetTaxa is ‘true’. Taxonomic scope is based on the combination of eco:targetTaxonomicScope and eco:excludedTaxonomicScope. Non-target taxa (in some disciplines called “bycatch”) can be reported at any taxonomic level. Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`Parabuteo unicinctus \| Geranoaetus melanoleucus` `Cetoniinae \| Aclopinae \| Cyclocephala modesta`

areNonTargetTaxaFullyReported Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/areNonTargetTaxaFullyReported
Definition	Every dwc:Organism that was outside of the target taxonomic scope (the combination of eco:targetTaxonomicScope and eco:excludedTaxonomicScope) and detected during the dwc:Event, and that was detectable using the given protocol (given in eco:protocolDescription and dwc:samplingProtocol), was reported.
Comments	This term is meant to inform a user of the data whether there were non-target taxa that were detected, but left unreported. This term is only relevant if the dwc:Event used restricted search or open search methods and if a target taxonomic scope is declared. Taxonomic scope is based on the combination of eco:targetTaxonomicScope and eco:excludedTaxonomicScope. Within dwc:Events that used either a restricted search or an open search method and declared a taxonomic scope, if all dwc:Organisms that are not included within the target taxonomic scope and that were detected during the dwc:Event were reported, the value of this term should be 'true', otherwise the value of this term should be ‘false'.
Examples	`true` `false`

Organismal Scope

targetLifeStageScope excludedLifeStageScope isLifeStageScopeFullyReported targetDegreeOfEstablishmentScope excludedDegreeOfEstablishmentScope isDegreeOfEstablishmentScopeFullyReported targetGrowthFormScope excludedGrowthFormScope isGrowthFormScopeFullyReported hasNonTargetOrganisms verbatimTargetScope

targetLifeStageScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/targetLifeStageScope
Definition	The age classes or life stages of the dwc:Organisms targeted for sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	This term is defined based on dwc:lifeStage (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lifeStage). Recommended best practice is to use the same controlled vocabulary as for dwc:lifeStage and to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`larva` `adult \| juvenile`

excludedLifeStageScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/excludedLifeStageScope
Definition	The age classes or life stages of the dwc:Organisms explicitly excluded from sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	This term is defined based on dwc:lifeStage (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/lifeStage). Recommended best practice is to use the same controlled vocabulary as for dwc:lifeStage and to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`seedling` `nestling \| fledgling`

isLifeStageScopeFullyReported Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/isLifeStageScopeFullyReported
Definition	Every dwc:Organism that was included within the life stage scope, and was detected during the dwc:Event, was reported.
Comments	This term is only relevant if the dwc:Event used restricted search or open search methods. If all dwc:Organisms included within the life stage scope and detected during the dwc:Event were reported, the value should be 'true'. Life stage scope is based on the combination of eco:targetLifeStageScope and eco:excludedLifeStageScope.
Examples	`true` `false`

targetDegreeOfEstablishmentScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/targetDegreeOfEstablishmentScope
Definition	The degrees of establishment of the dwc:Organisms targeted for sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/) for dwc:degreeOfEstablishment. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084. Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`native` `invasive \| widespreadInvasive`

excludedDegreeOfEstablishmentScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/excludedDegreeOfEstablishmentScope
Definition	The degrees of establishment of the dwc:Organisms explicitly excluded from sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use controlled value strings from the controlled vocabulary (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcdoe/) for dwc:degreeOfEstablishment. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084. Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`native` `invasive \| widespreadInvasive`

isDegreeOfEstablishmentScopeFullyReported Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/isDegreeOfEstablishmentScopeFullyReported
Definition	Every dwc:Organism that was included within the degree of establishment scope, and was detected during the dwc:Event, was reported.
Comments	This term is only relevant if the dwc:Event used restricted search or open search methods. If all dwc:Organisms included within the degree of establishment scope and detected during the dwc:Event were reported, the value should be 'true'. Degree of establishment scope is based on the combination of eco:targetDegreeOfEstablishmentScope and eco:excludedDegreeOfEstablishmentScope.
Examples	`true` `false`

targetGrowthFormScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/targetGrowthFormScope
Definition	The growth forms or habits of the dwc:Organisms targeted for sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary and separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`tree` `shrub \| subShrub`

excludedGrowthFormScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/excludedGrowthFormScope
Definition	The growth forms or habits of the dwc:Organisms explicitly excluded from sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary and separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`tree` `shrub \| subShrub`

isGrowthFormScopeFullyReported Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/isGrowthFormScopeFullyReported
Definition	Every dwc:Organism that was included within the growth form scope, and was detected during the dwc:Event, was reported.
Comments	This term is only relevant if the dwc:Event used restricted search or open search methods. If all dwc:Organisms included within the growth form scope and detected during the dwc:Event were reported, the value should be 'true'. Growth form scope is based on the combination of eco:targetGrowthFormScope and eco:excludedGrowthFormScope.
Examples	`true` `false`

hasNonTargetOrganisms Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/hasNonTargetOrganisms
Definition	One or more dwc:Organisms outside the target organismal scopes (eco:targetDegreeOfEstablishmentScope, eco:targetGrowthFormScope, and eco:targetLifeStageScope) were detected and reported for this dwc:Event.
Comments	This term is meant to alert users to the presence of non-target organisms (in some disciplines called “bycatch”) reported in this dwc:Event. This term is relevant only if a target organismal scope is declared. Organismal scope is based on the combination of all of the following terms: eco:targetLifeStageScope, eco:excludedLifeStageScope, eco:targetDegreeOfEstablishmentScope, eco:excludedDegreeOfEstablishmentScope, eco:targetGrowthFormScope, and eco:excludedGrowthFormScope. Examination of the organismal scope is needed in order to identify the non-target dwc:Organisms. It should be possible to confirm the expectations by investigating the dwc:Occurrences in this dwc:Event and in its child dwc:Events (if available). The value of this term should be 'true' if dwc:Occurrences of dwc:Organisms outside the organismal scope(s) as defined at the time of the dwc:Event are reported, otherwise the value of this term should be 'false'.
Examples	`true` `false`

verbatimTargetScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/verbatimTargetScope
Definition	The verbatim original description of the dwc:Event scope.
Comments	Recommended best practice is first to populate explicit scope terms to the fullest extent possible (e.g., eco:targetTaxonomicScope). It is not recommended to use this term in assessing absence or completeness.
Examples	`small mammals` `freshwater macroinvertebrates` `dead animals`, `ground-living insects`

Methodology Description

compilationTypes compilationSourceTypes inventoryTypes protocolNames protocolDescriptions protocolReferences isAbundanceReported isAbundanceCapReported abundanceCap isVegetationCoverReported isLeastSpecificTargetCategoryQuantityInclusive

compilationTypes Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/compilationTypes
Definition	A statement specifying whether data reported are derived from sampling events, ancillary data compiled from other sources, or a combination of both.
Comments	This term is only relevant if the dwc:Event is an inventory. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Recommended best practice is to separate the values in a list with space vertical bar space ( `\|` ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`samplingEvents` `compilationOfExistingSourcesAndSamplingEvents` `compilationOfExistingSources` `compilationOfExistingSourcesAndSamplingEvents \| compilationOfExistingSources`

compilationSourceTypes Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/compilationSourceTypes
Definition	The types of data sources contributing to the compilation reported.
Comments	This term is only relevant if the dwc:Event is a compilation in which one or more types of data sources were used. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary and separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`museumSpecimens` `literature` `expertKnowledge \| localKnowledge`

inventoryTypes Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/inventoryTypes
Definition	The types of search processes used to conduct the inventory.
Comments	This term is only relevant if the dwc:Event represents an inventory. Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`restrictedSearch` `openSearch` `opportunisticSearch` `adventitious` `compilation` `openSearch \| opportunisticSearch`

protocolNames Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/protocolNames
Definition	Categorical descriptive names for the methods used during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary and separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`boxTrapping` `floraInventory` `boxTrapping \| funnelTrapping`

protocolDescriptions Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/protocolDescriptions
Definition	A detailed description of the methods used during the dwc:Event.
Comments	This description should be associated with protocols provided in eco:protocolNames. The description may include deviations from a protocol referred to in eco:protocolReferences. Recommended good practice is to provide information about instruments used, calibration, etc. Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ).
Examples	`Three conventional harp traps (3.2m ht x 2.2m w) were established in flight path zones for a period of 4 hrs at dawn and dusk for a total of 10 trap nights. Traps were visited on an hourly basis during each deployment period and the trap catch recorded for species, size, weight, sex, age and maternal status.`

protocolReferences Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/protocolReferences
Definition	The references to the methods used during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ).
Examples	`Penguins from space: faecal stains reveal the location of emperor penguin colonies, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1466-8238.2009.00467.x`

isAbundanceReported Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/isAbundanceReported
Definition	The number of dwc:Organisms collected or observed was reported.
Comments	Typically the abundance values would be reported in the dwc:organismQuantity and dwc:organismQuantityType terms for the child dwc:Occurrence records for this dwc:Event.
Examples	`true` `false`

isAbundanceCapReported Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/isAbundanceCapReported
Definition	A maximum number of dwc:Organisms was reported, as specified or restricted by the protocol used.
Comments	Values of abundance cap should be captured under the term eco:abundanceCap.
Examples	`true` `false`

abundanceCap Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/abundanceCap
Definition	The reported maximum number of dwc:Organisms.
Comments
Examples	`300` `700`

isVegetationCoverReported Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/isVegetationCoverReported
Definition	A vegetation cover metric was reported.
Comments	Typically values or descriptions of vegetation cover would be captured under the term eco:verbatimSiteDescriptions.
Examples	`true` `false`

isLeastSpecificTargetCategoryQuantityInclusive Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/isLeastSpecificTargetCategoryQuantityInclusive
Definition	The total detected quantity for a dwc:Taxon (including subcategories thereof) in a dwc:Event is given explicitly in a single record (dwc:organismQuantity value) for that dwc:Taxon.
Comments	Recommended values are 'true' and 'false'. This term is only relevant if dwc:organismQuantity is a number. For a detailed explanation, see http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/docs/inclusive/.
Examples	`true` `false`

Material Collected

hasVouchers voucherInstitutions hasMaterialSamples materialSampleTypes

hasVouchers Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/hasVouchers
Definition	Specimen vouchers were collected during the dwc:Event.
Comments
Examples	`true` `false`

voucherInstitutions Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/voucherInstitutions
Definition	A list (concatenated and separated) of the names or acronyms of the institutions where vouchers collected during the dwc:Event were deposited.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ).
Examples	`FMNH` `AMNH \| MVZ` `Nairobi National Museum`

hasMaterialSamples Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/hasMaterialSamples
Definition	Material samples were collected during the dwc:Event.
Comments
Examples	`true` `false`

materialSampleTypes Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/materialSampleTypes
Definition	A list (concatenated and separated) of material sample types collected during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary and separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`wholeOrganism` `skeleton` `tissue \| blood \| fecal \| stomachContent`

Sampling Effort

samplingPerformedBy isSamplingEffortReported samplingEffortProtocol samplingEffortValue samplingEffortUnit

samplingPerformedBy Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/samplingPerformedBy
Definition	A person, group, or organization responsible for recording the dwc:Event.
Comments	The sampling dwc:Event could be at any level of hierarchy. In the case of a higher level (parent) dwc:Event, include all the organizations or people involved in the child dwc:Events that contributed to the parent dwc:Event. Recommended best practice is to separate multiple values in a list with space vertical bar space ( \| ). This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`North American Butterlfy Association` `KK Wall` `JJ Green` `LL Pink and FF Grey \| Aspen Center for Environmental Studies`

isSamplingEffortReported Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/isSamplingEffortReported
Definition	The sampling effort associated with the dwc:Event was reported.
Comments	Typically values of effort would be captured under the terms eco:samplingEffortValue and eco:samplingEffortUnit.
Examples	`true` `false`

samplingEffortProtocol Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/samplingEffortProtocol
Definition	A description of or reference (publication or URL) to the methods used to determine the sampling effort.
Comments	This description should be associated with the values reported in eco:samplingEffortValue and eco:samplingEffortUnit. This is a specialization of eco:protocolDescription focused on effort, distinct from the survey method. The effort relates to the intensity of sampling and therefore can assist in interpreting estimates of completeness. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`40 box traps deployed at even spacings along 4 parallel 100m transects placed 50m apart and visited at 6 hourly intervals over a 48 hour period` `2 people occupying a bird hide for a period of 8 hours and undertaking a 30 minute count of species within the 150 degree field of view every 2 hours` `A single baited camera trap station with motion sensor trigger, deployed for a period of 10 days and configured for detecting large fauna moving through a known traffic way`

samplingEffortValue Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/samplingEffortValue
Definition	The numeric value for the sampling effort expended during the dwc:Event.
Comments	This term is meant to capture the total sampling effort value. To express details of how the effort was determined use eco:samplingEffortProtocol. For compilations it is recommend not to infer effort. An eco:samplingEffortValue must have a corresponding eco:samplingEffortUnit.
Examples	`1900` `40` `5.5`

samplingEffortUnit Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/terms/samplingEffortUnit
Definition	The units associated with the eco:samplingEffortValue.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use a controlled vocabulary. This term has an equivalent in the dwciri: namespace that allows only an IRI as a value, whereas this term allows for any string literal value.
Examples	`trapHours` `personHours` `trapDays`

UseWithIRI

For more information on UseWithIRI, see Section 2.5 of the RDF Guide.

absentTaxa Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/absentTaxa
Definition	A taxon reported absent during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Absences can be reported at any taxonomic level. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

compilationSourceTypes Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/compilationSourceTypes
Definition	The type of data source contributing to the compilation reported.
Comments	This term is only relevant if the dwc:Event is a compilation in which one or more types of data sources were used. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

compilationTypes Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/compilationTypes
Definition	A statement specifying whether data reported are derived from sampling events, ancillary data compiled from other sources, or a combination of both.
Comments	This term is only relevant if the dwc:Event is an inventory. Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

eventDurationUnit Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/eventDurationUnit
Definition	The units associated with the eco:eventDurationValue.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary of SI units, derived units, or other non-SI units accepted for use within the SI.
Examples

excludedDegreeOfEstablishmentScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/excludedDegreeOfEstablishmentScope
Definition	The degree of establishment of the dwc:Organisms explicitly excluded from sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/doe/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples	`http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e001` `http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e005`

excludedGrowthFormScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/excludedGrowthFormScope
Definition	The growth form or habit of the dwc:Organisms explicitly excluded from sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

excludedHabitatScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/excludedHabitatScope
Definition	The habitat explicitly excluded from sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

excludedLifeStageScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/excludedLifeStageScope
Definition	The age class or life stage of the dwc:Organisms explicitly excluded from sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	This term is defined based on dwciri:lifeStage (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/iri/lifeStage). Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from the same controlled vocabulary as for dwciri:lifeStage. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

excludedTaxonomicScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/excludedTaxonomicScope
Definition	The taxonomic group explicitly excluded from sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	The dwc:Event to which the ecoiri:excludedTaxonomicScope refers could be at any level of hierarchy. In the case of a higher level (parent) dwc:Event, include all the taxonomic groups explicitly excluded from the child dwc:Events that contributed to the parent dwc:Event. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

geospatialScopeAreaUnit Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/geospatialScopeAreaUnit
Definition	The units associated with eco:geospatialScopeAreaValue
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary of SI units, derived units, or other non-SI units accepted for use within the SI.
Examples

inventoryTypes Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/inventoryTypes
Definition	The type of search process used to conduct the inventory.
Comments	This term is only relevant if the dwc:Event represents an inventory. Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

materialSampleTypes Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/materialSampleTypes
Definition	A material sample type collected during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

nonTargetTaxa Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/nonTargetTaxa
Definition	A taxon reported during the dwc:Event that is outside of the target taxonomic scope (the combination of ecoiri:targetTaxonomicScope and ecoiri:excludedTaxonomicScope).
Comments	This term is meant to allow a taxon that is considered outside of the taxonomic scope and yet was reported in the dataset to be shared. This term is relevant only if a target taxonomic scope is declared and eco:hasNonTargetTaxa is ‘true’. Taxonomic scope is based on the combination of ecoiri:targetTaxonomicScope and ecoiri:excludedTaxonomicScope. Non-target taxa (in some disciplines called “bycatch”) can be reported at any taxonomic level. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

protocolNames Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/protocolNames
Definition	Categorical descriptive name for the methods used during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

samplingEffortProtocol Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/samplingEffortProtocol
Definition	A method or protocol used to determine the sampling effort, denoted by an IRI.
Comments	This protocol should be associated with the values reported in eco:samplingEffortValue and eco:samplingEffortUnit. This is a specialization of eco:protocolDescription focused on effort, distinct from the survey method. The effort relates to the intensity of sampling and therefore can assist in interpreting estimates of completeness. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

samplingEffortUnit Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/samplingEffortUnit
Definition	The units associated with the eco:samplingEffortValue.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary of SI units, derived units, or other non-SI units accepted for use within the SI.
Examples

samplingPerformedBy Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/samplingPerformedBy
Definition	A person, group, or organization responsible for recording the dwc:Event.
Comments	The sampling dwc:Event could be at any level of hierarchy. In the case of a higher level (parent) dwc:Event, include all the organizations or people involved in the child dwc:Events that contributed to the parent dwc:Event. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

targetDegreeOfEstablishmentScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/targetDegreeOfEstablishmentScope
Definition	The degree of establishment of the dwc:Organisms targeted for sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from the controlled vocabulary designated for use with this term, listed at http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/doc/doe/. For details, refer to https://doi.org/10.3897/biss.3.38084 . Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples	`http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e001` `http://rs.tdwg.org/dwcem/values/e005`

targetGrowthFormScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/targetGrowthFormScope
Definition	The growth form or habit of the dwc:Organisms targeted for sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

targetHabitatScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/targetHabitatScope
Definition	The habitat targeted for sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from a controlled vocabulary. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

targetLifeStageScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/targetLifeStageScope
Definition	The age class or life stage of the dwc:Organisms targeted for sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	This term is defined based on dwciri:lifeStage (http://rs.tdwg.org/dwc/terms/iri/lifeStage). Recommended best practice is to use an IRI from the same controlled vocabulary as for dwciri:lifeStage. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

targetTaxonomicScope Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/targetTaxonomicScope
Definition	The taxonomic group targeted for sampling during the dwc:Event.
Comments	The dwc:Event to which the ecoiri:targetTaxonomicScope refers could be at any level of hierarchy. In the case of a higher level (parent) dwc:Event, include all taxonomic groups surveyed in the child dwc:Events that contributed to the parent dwc:Event. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

taxonCompletenessProtocols Property
Identifier	http://rs.tdwg.org/eco/iri/taxonCompletenessProtocols
Definition	A method or protocol used to determine ecoiri:taxonCompletenessReported, denoted by an IRI.
Comments	This term allows users to determine how comprehensively an area has been sampled. Terms in the dwciri namespace are intended to be used in RDF with non-literal objects.
Examples

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